How to Make Leaf Mould in Your Garden

Leaf mould is an excellent, natural, and cost-effective way to improve your garden soil's structure, retain moisture, and promote healthy plant growth. This guide will walk you through the simple steps to make your own leaf mould.

What is Leaf Mould?

Leaf mould is decomposed leaves that break down into dark, crumbly organic matter, which enriches your soil. Unlike compost, which involves a mix of green and brown materials and microbial activity, leaf mould is primarily formed by fungal decomposition.

Benefits of Using Leaf Mould

• Improves Soil Structure: Enhances soil aeration and drainage.
• Moisture Retention: Acts like a sponge, holding water in the soil for longer periods.
• Nutrient Supply: Releases nutrients slowly, making them available for plant roots.
• Eco-Friendly: Reduces garden waste by recycling fallen leaves.

Step-by-Step Guide to Making Leaf Mould

1. Collect Leaves

   • Gather fallen leaves from your garden or local area in the autumn when leaves are abundant. Avoid leaves from potentially toxic plants (e.g., walnut trees) as they might hinder plant growth.
   • Use a rake or leaf blower to make collection easier.

2. Prepare the Leaves

   • Shred the leaves to speed up the decomposition process. You can do this by mowing over them or using a leaf shredder. Smaller pieces decompose faster due to their increased surface area.

3. Create a Leaf Mould Pile or Bin

   • Option 1: Pile Method: Choose a corner in your garden to create a pile of leaves. Ensure it is moist, as this encourages faster breakdown.
   • Option 2: Bin Method: Use a wire or plastic bin with holes for air circulation. Place the leaves inside and moisten them if necessary.

4. Maintain the Pile

   • Check the pile occasionally and make sure it stays damp (like a wrung-out sponge). Add water if the pile is dry. Turn it occasionally for better aeration, but note that this isn’t essential for leaf mould.

5. Wait for Decomposition

   • Patience is key. Leaf mould can take 6 months to 2 years to fully decompose, depending on the type of leaves and conditions. Leaves from trees like oak take longer, while softer leaves like maple decompose faster.

6. Harvest and Use

   • When ready, the leaf mould should be dark, crumbly, and earthy-smelling. Use it as a mulch around your plants, mix it into garden beds, or add it to potting soil for container plants.

Tips for Success

• Mix Leaf Types: A mix of leaves from various trees ensures a good balance of nutrients.
• Avoid Compaction: Don’t pack leaves too tightly; air flow is crucial for decomposition.
• Location Matters: Place your pile in a shaded, wind-sheltered spot to prevent it from drying out too quickly.

By following these simple steps, you’ll create a nutrient-rich addition for your garden, keeping your soil healthy and productive while recycling autumn’s fallen leaves into nature’s best compost.