Discovering Old Sarum: The Ancient Heart of Salisbury

From its origins as an Iron Age fort to a Norman stronghold, Old Sarum tells the story of how Salisbury began and why this site has fascinated visitors for over 2,000 years.

Perched on a windswept hill just two miles north of modern Salisbury, Old Sarum is a place where centuries of history unfold across the rolling Wiltshire landscape.

A Fortress Through the Ages

Old Sarum began life around 400 BC as an Iron Age hillfort, carefully positioned for defence and visibility. Massive earthworks and ditches were constructed to protect the inhabitants, many of which remain remarkably intact today.

The Romans later recognised its strategic importance, establishing a settlement called Sorviodunum. While little Roman stonework survives, archaeological finds reveal its role as a hub on Roman roads linking the region.

The Norman Castle and Royal Influence

Following the Norman Conquest of 1066, William the Conqueror ordered a castle to be built within Old Sarum’s earthworks. The fortress served as a military base and royal administrative centre. In 1086, it was here that William gathered his nobles to swear allegiance an event linked to the creation of the Domesday Book.

Sacred Ground and the Birth of Salisbury

Old Sarum was not only a military site; it was also a religious centre. The first Salisbury Cathedral was built within the castle grounds. However, life inside the fortress was challenging — wind-swept and with limited water supply and tensions between soldiers and clergy were constant. By the early 13th century, the cathedral was moved to the valley below, creating the foundations of the modern city of Salisbury and the iconic Salisbury Cathedral.

From Decline to Historical Treasure

Once the cathedral moved, Old Sarum slowly fell into ruin. By the 14th century, it was largely abandoned, yet it remained a parliamentary constituency for centuries despite having very few residents  a famous “rotten borough” until reforms in the 19th century.

Today, Old Sarum is a peaceful yet evocative historical site managed by English Heritage. Visitors can explore:

• Impressive Iron Age earthworks and ditches

• Norman castle remains

• Foundations of the first Salisbury Cathedral

• Panoramic views across Salisbury Plain

  
  

Why Visit Old Sarum

Old Sarum offers more than just ruins; it is a place where history comes alive. Walking along its ramparts, you can imagine the lives of ancient warriors, medieval nobles, and early clergy. It is a perfect destination for history enthusiasts, photographers, and anyone looking to connect with England’s rich past.

Visiting Old Sarum is a journey through time a reminder that even as cities evolve, the past remains just beneath the surface, waiting to be discovered.